我们描述了一种高性能平面InGaAsP/InP单光子雪崩二极管（SPAD），该二极管具有单独的吸收、分级、电荷和倍增（SAGCM）异质结构。通过电场调节和缺陷控制，SPAD在293 K的门控模式下工作，光子探测效率（PDE）为70%，暗计数率（DCR）为14.93 kHz，后脉冲概率（APP）为0.89%。此外，在死区时间为200 ns的主动淬灭模式下工作时，室温下实现了12.49%的PDE和72.29 kHz的DCR。

Metallic few-layered 1T phase vanadium disulfide nanosheets have been employed for boosting sodium ion batteries. It can deliver a capacity of 241 mAh?g^?1 at 100 mA?g^?1 after 200 cycles. Such long-term stability is attributed to the facile ion diffusion and electron transport resulting from the well-designed two-dimensional (2D) electron-electron correlations among V atoms in the 1T phase and optimized in-planar electric transport. Our results highlight the phase engineering into electrode design for energy storage.

The fast development of the brain-inspired neuromorphic computing system has ignited an urgent demand for artificial synapses with low power consumption. In this work, it is the first time a light-stimulated low-power synaptic device based on a single GaN nanowire has been demonstrated successfully. In such an artificial synaptic device, the incident light, the electrodes, and the light-generated carriers play the roles of action potential, presynaptic/postsynaptic membrane, and neurotransmitter in a biological synapse, respectively. Compared to those of other synaptic devices based on GaN materials, the energy consumption of the single-GaN-nanowire synaptic device can be reduced by more than 92%, reaching only 2.72×10-12J. It is proposed that the oxygen element can contribute to the synaptic characteristics by taking the place of the nitrogen site. Moreover, it is found that the dynamic “learning-forgetting” performance of the artificial synapse can resemble the behavior of the human brain, where less time is required to relearn the missing information previously memorized and the memories can be strengthened after relearning. Based on the experimental conductance for long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), the simulated network can achieve a high recognition rate up to 90% after only three training epochs. Such few training times can reduce the energy consumption in the supervised learning processes substantially. Therefore, this work paves an effective way for developing single-nanowire-based synapses in the fields of artificial intelligence systems and neuromorphic computing technology requiring low-power consumption.

主站编程工具是可编程控制系统整体逻辑功能、运动控制功能程序可视化设计、下载、运行的重要功能组成部分。为打破国外对工业控制软件平台的垄断，形成服务于自主可控可编程控制系统的安全可信的主站编程工具，研究了软件功能架构、系统功能插件、主站运行时、安全功能库的设计方法。根据开源的集成开发环境工作原理，提出了一种基于IEC61131-3的主站编程工具软件架构。从生成代码完整性的角度对集成开发环境中总线组态、数据访问系统插件进行设计，并对主站代码执行的运行时间的功能架构以及各功能组件进行设计，形成了功能完善的编程工具链。最后以两个基本安全功能为例，分析了IEC61800-5-2功能安全基础库的集成开发方法。实验结果表明，本文设计的主站编程工具具有可视化编程、下载、运行等功能，基本满足自主可控可编程控制系统的程序开发需求。

在光催化产氢反应中引入助催化剂可促进光生电子快速转移, 是提高光催化活性的有效方法。而目前, 高效助催化剂主要仍然是贵金属, 其高昂的价格极大限制了实际应用。本研究探讨了构筑非贵金属助催化剂CoN与g-C₃N₄ 0D/2D紧密界面对光催化制氢性能的影响。负载非贵金属助催化剂CoN可以有效提高2D g-C₃N₄的光催化制氢活性, 负载量对其活性也有影响。构筑的0D/2D紧密界面有利于光生电子快速传输。两者的共同作用使得10% CoN/2D g-C₃N₄复合物光催化制氢效率达到403.6 μmol·g^-1·h^-1, 是2D g-C₃N₄单体的20倍。在CoN/2D g-C₃N₄复合材料中, 负载CoN作为析氢助催化剂可以显著促进电荷转移过程, 从而大幅提高光催化析氢活性。

Green semiconductor lasers are still undeveloped, so high-power green lasers have heavily relied on nonlinear frequency conversion of near-infrared lasers, precluding compact and low-cost green laser systems. Here, we report the first Watt-level all-fiber CW Pr^{3 +} -doped laser operating directly in the green spectral region, addressing the aforementioned difficulties. The compact all-fiber laser consists of a double-clad Pr^{3 +} -doped fluoride fiber, two homemade fiber dichroic mirrors at visible wavelengths, and a 443-nm fiber-pigtailed pump source. Benefitting from > 10 MW / cm² high damage intensity of our designed fiber dielectric mirror, the green laser can stably deliver 3.62-W of continuous-wave power at ∼ 521 nm with a slope efficiency of 20.9%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest output power directly from green fiber lasers, which is one order higher than previously reported. Moreover, these green all-fiber laser designs are optimized by using experiments and numerical simulations. Numerical results are in excellent agreement with our experimental results and show that the optimal gain fiber length, output mirror reflectivity, and doping level should be considered to obtain higher power and efficiency. This work may pave a path toward compact high-power green all-fiber lasers for applications in biomedicine, laser display, underwater detection, and spectroscopy.